Chartres – Terrain Doré

Date de l'opération : 1984 (SU) Inventeur(s) : Joly Dominique ; Brunet Philippe Cette intervention a permis d'observer, au sud de la ville [ (Fig. n°1 : Chartres : plan général. Localisation des principales fouilles et observations depuis 1979), site E] un tronçon fossé qui a ceinturé l'oppidum de Chartres à la fin de l'Âge du fer ou à l'Époque augustéenne, en protégeant un espace de près de 200 ha (Brunet, 1985 : 64-69) (Fig. n°2 : Localisation du site et de la circonvallation par rapport à..

A Study of the Structural Similarity Image Quality Measure with Applications to Image Processing

Since its introduction in 2004, the Structural Similarity (SSIM) index has gained widespread popularity as an image quality assessment measure. SSIM is currently recognized to be one of the most powerful methods of assessing the visual closeness of images. That being said, the Mean Squared Error (MSE), which performs very poorly from a perceptual point of view, still remains the most common optimization criterion in image processing applications because of its relative simplicity along with a number of other properties that are deemed important. In this thesis, some necessary tools to assist in the design of SSIM-optimal algorithms are developed. This work combines theoretical developments with experimental research and practical algorithms. The description of the mathematical properties of the SSIM index represents the principal theoretical achievement in this thesis. Indeed, it is demonstrated how the SSIM index can be transformed into a distance metric. Local convexity, quasi-convexity, symmetries and invariance properties are also proved. The study of the SSIM index is also generalized to a family of metrics called normalized (or M-relative) metrics. Various analytical techniques for different kinds of SSIM-based optimization are then devised. For example, the best approximation according to the SSIM is described for orthogonal and redundant basis sets. SSIM-geodesic paths with arclength parameterization are also traced between images. Finally, formulas for SSIM-optimal point estimators are obtained. On the experimental side of the research, the structural self-similarity of images is studied. This leads to the confirmation of the hypothesis that the main source of self-similarity of images lies in their regions of low variance. On the practical side, an implementation of local statistical tests on the image residual is proposed for the assessment of denoised images. Also, heuristic estimations of the SSIM index and the MSE are developed. The research performed in this thesis should lead to the development of state-of-the-art image denoising algorithms. A better comprehension of the mathematical properties of the SSIM index represents another step toward the replacement of the MSE with SSIM in image processing applications

Reflections on the Role of Donors in Scaling Up Nutrition in Zambia from 2010 to 2013: Successes, Challenges and Lessons Learnt

In Zambia, the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement has provided an unprecedented opportunity to situate nutrition high on the agenda. Since Zambia joined SUN, nutrition has acquired an increasingly important political profile. However, this has yet to translate into improved implementation of nutrition interventions. Applying the key SUN principles, donors have played a pivotal role by aligning resources behind one evidencebased national multisectoral nutrition plan. This article reviews donors’ roles in: (1) coordination of assistance for policy development, programme design and implementation; (2) advocacy and strategic lobbying for political commitment; and (3) mobilising resources and support. It examines key successes such as the launch of the First 1000 Most Critical Days Programme; challenges such as seeking acceptance of politically unpalatable evidence on stunting, and handling misconceptions among senior officials; and the need to resolve donors’ own neglect of nutrition, and responsive funding processes. Finally, it reflects on lessons learnt from the HIV response

Quonops©, la prévision opérationnelle en acoustique sous-marine sur grille de calcul

National audienceQuonops©, la prévision opérationnelle en acoustique sous-marine sur grille de calcu

Quonops©, la prévision opérationnelle en acoustique sous-marine sur grille de calcul

National audienceQuonops©, la prévision opérationnelle en acoustique sous-marine sur grille de calcu

Loss of CaMKI function disrupts salt aversive learning in C. elegans

The ability to adapt behavior to environmental fluctuations is critical for survival of organisms ranging from invertebrates to mammals. Caenorhabditis elegans can learn to avoid sodium chloride when it is paired with starvation. This behavior is likely advantageous to avoid areas without food. While some genes have been implicated in this salt aversive learning behavior, critical genetic components, and the neural circuit in which they act, remain elusive. Here, we show that the sole worm ortholog of mammalian CaMKI/IV, CMK-1, is essential for salt aversive learning behavior in C. elegans. We find that CMK-1 acts in the primary salt-sensing ASE neurons to regulate this behavior. By characterizing the intracellular calcium dynamics in ASE neurons using microfluidics, we find that loss of cmk-1 leads to an altered pattern of sensory- evoked calcium responses that may underlie salt aversive learning. Our study implicates the conserved CaMKI/CMK-1 as an essential cell-autonomous regulator for behavioral plasticity to environmental salt in C. elegans

What is Effective Research Communication? Towards Cooperative Inquiry with Nunavut Communities

Communication is recognized as the foundation of developing partnerships in science. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of several communication processes, practices, and tools used by wildlife researchers in northern communities in Arctic Canada. A case study was conducted in the communities of Cape Dorset and Coral Harbour (Salliq), Nunavut, Canada, to assess the effectiveness of research communication approaches carried out by the northern marine bird research group of Environment and Climate Change Canada, which has a long-standing research relationship with these two communities. Our objectives were to 1) explore local experiences with research—marine bird research in particular, 2) examine what communication approaches and tools Nunavummiut viewed as most effective for learning about research activities and feeling engaged in the process, and 3) identify new and emerging communication needs in Nunavut communities to support more effective research partnerships. Our findings indicate that several communication methods used by wildlife researchers, such as community meetings, have become less effective because of changing information-sharing practices at the community level. Other communication practices, such as using social media, hold much promise, but as of yet are underutilized by researchers, though of interest to northern communities. Acknowledging that every northern community is unique, with context-specific priorities, capacities, and needs, effective research partnerships should be built upon communication approaches that foster cooperative inquiry and learning. In progress towards this goal, we explore two emerging and related themes: first, access to information and communication technologies in the two communities, and second, the engagement of youth in Arctic research communication and delivery.La communication est reconnue comme le fondement de la formation de partenariats en science. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous évaluons l’efficacité de plusieurs processus, méthodes et outils de communication employés par les chercheurs de la faune dans des collectivités nordiques de l’Arctique canadien. Une étude de cas a été réalisée dans les collectivités de Cape Dorset et de Coral Harbour (Salliq), au Nunavut, Canada, afin d’évaluer l’efficacité des approches de communication en matière de recherches mises en œuvre par le groupe de recherche des oiseaux aquatiques du Nord relevant d’Environnement et Changement climatique Canada, qui effectue des recherches depuis plusieurs années dans ces deux collectivités. Nos objectifs étaient les suivants : 1) explorer les expériences locales en matière de recherche, plus particulièrement en ce qui a trait aux recherches sur les oiseaux aquatiques; 2) examiner quelles approches de communication et quels outils les Nunavummiuts considèrent comme les plus efficaces pour se familiariser avec les activités de recherche et pour se sentir engagés dans le processus; et 3) déterminer les besoins en communication nouveaux et émergents des collectivités du Nunavut afin de donner lieu à des partenariats de recherche plus efficaces. Selon nos constatations, plusieurs méthodes de communication employées par les chercheurs de la faune, comme les rencontres communautaires, ont perdu de leur efficacité en raison de l’évolution des pratiques de partage de l’information à l’échelle communautaire. D’autres méthodes de communication, comme les médias sociaux, s’avèrent prometteuses, mais les chercheurs ne s’en servent pas encore beaucoup même si elles revêtent de l’intérêt au sein des collectivités du Nord. Reconnaissant le caractère unique des collectivités nordiques, qui ont des priorités, des capacités et des besoins propres à leur contexte, la réalisation de partenariats de recherche efficaces doit se fonder sur des approches de communication favorisant l’apprentissage en collaboration. Dans l’optique de cet objectif, nous explorons deux thèmes émergents et connexes : premièrement, l’accès aux technologies de l’information et de la communication des deux collectivités, et deuxièmement, l’engagement des jeunes en matière de communication et de réalisation des recherches dans l’Arctique

The evolution of infrahissian conduction time in myotonic dystrophy patients: clinical implications

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